Pre-heating is applied before welding to slow the cooling rate of the weld and heat-affected zone, reducing the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking (cold cracking) in carbon and low-alloy steels. We provide electric resistance and induction pre-heating with thermocouple monitoring to verify and maintain the required temperature throughout welding operations.
PWHT (stress relief) is performed after welding to reduce residual stresses, temper the heat-affected zone, and improve the metallurgical properties of the weldment. We use electric resistance heating pads with programmable controllers to achieve precise ramp rates, hold temperatures, and cooling rates per the applicable code and WPS requirements.
All heat treatment cycles are monitored with calibrated thermocouples attached directly to the work piece at locations specified by the applicable code. Digital chart recorders provide permanent time-temperature records documenting compliance with the specified thermal cycle. Records include thermocouple locations, ramp rates, hold time, hold temperature, and cooling rate.
Heat treatment performed per ASME Section VIII, ASME B31.1, ASME B31.3, AWS D1.1, and project-specific welding procedures. Thermocouple placement and quantity per ASME Section VIII UW-40 and applicable code requirements.
Field stress relief and post-weld heat treatment for code compliance.